In this test, the concentration of the sulfide ion is determined by ion chromatography.

In this test, the concentration of the sulfite ion is determined by ion chromatography.

The presence and amount of Sulfur is analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

Young Laplace equation

The presence and amount of Tellurium is analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

In a tensile test, the force and associated sample elongation are measured until the sample breaks. From this data the following parameters can be determined: tensile stress (at yield & at break), strain, elongation (at yield & at break), modulus.
The test method is described in ISO 527.
The dimensions of the provided samples should be according to the specimen dimensions specified in the standard.
Test specimen can also be prepared at an extra cost, contact us for more information.
Please include information on the chemical nature (e.g. PP, PE, PET, PA,..) of your polymer with your order.
Multiple samples? contact us for bulk pricing!

The presence and amount of Thallium is analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a powerful technique to study the change in weight of a material as a function of time and/or temperature related to physical and chemical phenomena like absorption, adsorption, desorption, phase change, decomposition,....
For measurements at constant temperature, please see our offering "Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA): determination of isothermal weight loss (volatiles, moisture, residu)".
For measurements at constant temperature ramp rate, please see our offering "Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA): determination of thermal stability/decomposition temperature/pyrolysis".
For special, more complex measurement conditions, please contact us to further discuss your requirements.

During ashing, also know als pyrolysis, the sample is heated in air to elevated temperatures effectively burning off all organic matter. It is typically used to determine the content of inorganic fillers or contamination. Pyrolysis is normally done at 570, 600°C or 900°C.
Make sure to include information on the aim of your measurement, your desired measurement conditions (pyrolysis temperature, ramp rate,...) and the chemical nature (e.g. PP, PE, PET, PA,... preferably with a safety datasheet) of your polymer with your order. Extra costs may apply depending on the complexity and duration of your requested conditions.
For more information or more complex requirements, please contact us."

In this analysis, a sample is placed in the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and is quickly heated to a target temperature after which the temperature is kept stable (i.e. isothermal or 'controlled temperature') and the change in weight is recorded as a function of time.
The resulting weight change profile can be used to study of phenomena like absorption, adsorption, desorption, phase change, decomposition,....
For example the presence and quantity of moisture, residues and volatiles in your polymer can be determined from the recorded weight losses.
Make sure to include information on the aim of your measurement, your desired measurement conditions (temperature, atmosphere,...) and the chemical nature (e.g. PP, PE, PET, PA,... preferably with a safety datasheet) of your polymer with your order. Extra costs may apply depending on the complexity and duration of your requested conditions.
For more information or more complex requirements, please contact us."

In this analysis, a sample is placed in the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and heated to a target temperature at a specific controlled heating rate while simultaneously measuring the sample weight.
The resulting weight change profile can be used to study of phenomena like decomposition, oxidation, desorption,...
At some point, the material will typically start to decompose/pyrolyze: the polymer chains start breaking into smaller fragments that outgass and cause a drop in the measured weight.
In this analysis, the weight change profile is recorded as a function of increasing temperature. A typical parameter that can be determined is the decomposition temperature which is often defined as the temperature at which 2% or 5% weight loss has occured.
Make sure to include information on your desired measurement conditions (stability criteria & parameters, temperature range, ramp speed,...) and the chemical nature (e.g. PP, PE, PET, PA,... preferably based a safety datasheet) of your polymer with your order. Extra costs may apply depending on the complexity and duration of your requested conditions.
Please contact us for more information."

The three point flexural/bending test (incl. flexural modulus ) is used to investigate the flexural behaviour of the test specimens and to determine the flexural strength, flexural modulus, bending and other aspects of the flexural stress/strain relationship under the conditions defined. The configuration used is a three-point loading test where the specimen is freely supported at both ends and a varying load is applied at midspan during which the bending/deflection deformation is measured.
The test method is described in ISO 178.
The dimensions of the provided samples should be according to the specimen dimensions specified in the standard.
Test specimen can also be prepared at an extra cost, contact us for more information.
Please include information on the chemical nature (e.g. PP, PE, PET, PA,..) of your polymer with your order.
Multiple samples? contact us for bulk pricing!

The presence and amount of Tin is analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

The presence and amount of Lithium is analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

A wide range of elements as determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES): (Lithium (Li) Berrylium (Be) Boron (B) Sodium (Na) Magnesium (Mg) Aluminium (Al) Silicon (Si) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur (S) Potassium (K) Calcium (Ca) Titanium (Ti) Vanadium (V) Chrome (Cr) Manganese (Mn) Iron (Fe) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) Copper (Cu) Zinc (Zn) Arsenic (As) Selenium (Se) Strontium (Sr) Molybdenum (Mo) Silver (Ag) Cadmium (Cd) Tin (Sn) Antimony (Sb) Tellurium (Te) Iodine (I) Barium (Ba) Thallium (Tl) Tungsten (W) Mercury (Hg) Lead (Pb) Yttrium (Y) Uranium (U) Scandium (Sc))

The presence and amount of Tungsten (Wolfram) is analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

Turbidity can be an indication for the presence of solid matter in water. It is measured with a turbidity meter (also known als a nephelometer).

The presence and amount of Uranium (U) is analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

The presence and amount of Lithium is analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

Vicat Softening Temperature (VST) is the temperature at which a polymer starts to “soften” under a load, more specifically when a needle reaches a set indentation/penetration depth. It refers to a polymer's ability to remain rigid or “stiff” under a constant load and elevated temperatures.
The test method is described in ISO 306 and is similar to ASTM D1525.
The dimensions of the provided samples should be according to the specimen dimensions specified in the standard.
Test specimen can also be prepared at an extra cost, contact us for more information.
Please include information on the chemical nature (e.g. PP, PE, PET, PA,..) of your polymer with your order.
Multiple samples? contact us for bulk pricing!